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An proxy is also known as a proxy server software acts as an intermediary between server and user on the internet. Without the proxy, a customer could make a request an online service directly from a server, and the server would serve the resource directly for the client. While this approach is straightforward to understand and implement but the addition of proxies can bring benefits such as improved performance and security, privacy, and many more. As an additional pass-through layer the proxy functions as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the mixture of the server's hardware and proxy software is often called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically classified as software in the context of web servers. This article will give the full description of two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage scenario, and is frequently not understood due to the similar terms.




This article will give you details on what proxy services and their subtypes are and the way they work with a range of configurations. After reading this article, you'll be able identify situations in which using proxy services is advantageous and pick the best option between forward and reverse proxy in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes called an open proxy acts as a representative for a user who wishes to make an internet-based request to an the server that originated it. In this case, the entire effort to send requests from the user is instead sent via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in place of the client will check into the request. Then, it will determine whether this client is authorized to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to refuse any request or send it to the source server. The client has no direct access directly to internet. It is able to access only the content that forward proxy allows the client to connect.




One of the most popular uses for forward proxy is to provide greater privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy can access the internet instead of a client. in this way it may make use of a different IP address than the IP address that was originally used by the client.




Based on the way it has been configured depending on how it is configured forward proxy can grant you various features depending the way it's configured it, allowing you to:




Don't fall victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Be aware of restrictions based on the place of residence.




Forward proxies are also utilized to secure systems that are centralized as well as access that is permission-based in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet passes via an open forward proxy the administrator is able to permit only a few clients connection to internet filtered through the firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the server layer that could include a variety of machines that have diverse environments and users, a firewall could be positioned at the forward proxy layer.




It is essential to note that forward proxies must be manually configured to use, whereas reverse proxies can not be detected by the user. Based on the type of the IP address that the user who is transferred to the server from which it originated through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity can be granted or not.




There are many alternatives to look into for forward proxy services.




Apache A well-known open source web server, which offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. We have an article on how to set up Squid proxy to connect privately within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP which makes it more suitable for applications such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also check out how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise one or more servers. It could also be an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will come via the web at large. In most cases your request is transmitted directly to the webserver with the information the user seeks. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and isolates this webserver from direct communication with the open internet.




From the perspective of a user the experience of using reverse proxy is not different than connecting to an internet server direct. It's functionally the same however the client is unable to discern the difference. The client makes a request for a resource and then receives it, without any additional configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Security centralized to web server.


Controlling traffic that is incoming based on rules you set.


New caching functionality has been added.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers. However, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the layer that is the webserver and not to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls in webserver level that could include multiple servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted to the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and responding to requests from clients through web servers allows them to concentrate solely on serving the needs of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers using a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy also handles the direction that requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers may be operating on the same server, each providing various kinds of resources or a mix of the two. They can utilize the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, but they can also be equipped with applications server protocols, such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers that redirect users to a particular servers based on the services required, or to specific rules pertaining to the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies can also benefit by being placed over web servers, as they provide the ability to cache. The large static resources can be created with caching rules to avoid the need to call web servers each time you request. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static files without having to connect with the webserver for even one time. Furthermore the reverse proxy is capable of handling the compression of these files.




The renowned Nginx web server also functions as a highly regarded reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy features however, it's a separate feature available to Apache as opposed to Nginx was designed initially to focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy services handle the processing of requests as well as responses. The most effective way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to look at the needs of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is a useful tool when you are developing a solution that can provide web-based applications over the internet. They serve as your web servers for any interaction you make on the web.




Forward proxy can be helpful when put before users for personal use, or in an office setting. They are a representation of the traffic of your client every time you connect to the internet.




Separating by use case, instead of using only common naming conventions can ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article explains the meaning of a proxy using the two major kinds, namely forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of how to use them and a look at beneficial features was used to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy. If you're looking to know more about the advantages of proxies, you can read our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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